
Please note that the following remarks are based on the delivered speech.
1 Introduction: recognizing the signs of the times
Ladies and gentlemen,
Europe is currently facing challenges to its sovereignty from various angles, such as the need to enhance defense capabilities and achieve greater economic independence. It is crucial for Europe to work together more closely and collaborate with willing third countries to uphold common values and interests.
Doubts have also emerged about the safe-haven status of the US dollar, with recent exchange rate movements indicating a loss of confidence among international investors. Europe must recognize these signs and take necessary steps to ensure its continued importance on the world stage.
2 A strong euro – what does that mean?
Strength for the euro means stability, with price stability being essential for long-term economic planning. A stable currency also requires predictable policies, military security, and deep, liquid capital markets.
The euro is currently the world’s second most important currency, with a significant share in international currency use. Recent exchange rate fluctuations have sparked economic debates, but the overall valuation of the euro remains stable.
3 Strengthening Europe’s sovereignty
Geopolitical changes have underscored the importance of promoting European sovereignty. It is imperative for Europe to enhance its defense capabilities and economic independence in light of these developments.
Protectionist tendencies were evident even before the new US administration shifted trade policy dramatically.
In an increasingly fragmented world, Europe must maximize the potential of its single market. The International Monetary Fund estimates that trade barriers within the EU in 2020 were equivalent to high tariffs for industrial products and services, indicating the need for further barrier removal.
Greater integration of European financial markets would be beneficial, as it would provide opportunities for innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. Utilizing European households’ high savings for financing green and digital transitions, as well as defense spending, is essential.
The Savings and Investments Union could facilitate cross-border investments and enhance the efficient use of funds, potentially lowering the cost of capital. This integration could also make the European economy more resilient to shocks by distributing risks across borders.
Stablecoins pose risks and opportunities, as they offer unique payment solutions but also threaten financial stability and monetary sovereignty if unregulated. Europe’s regulatory framework for stablecoins should be updated and refined to address potential risks while fostering innovation.
Promoting digital central bank money in Europe could strengthen the euro internationally, support the Savings and Investments Union, and respond to the challenges posed by stablecoins. Retail and wholesale variants of digital central bank money could enhance the euro area’s resilience, autonomy, and efficiency in payments.
The development of digital retail euro is underway, aiming to provide a digital alternative to cash that is accessible across the euro area. The European Central Bank’s progress report on the digital euro indicates advancements in technical testing, user research, and stakeholder engagement, emphasizing the need for swift adoption of legislation at the European level to establish a legal basis for the digital euro’s introduction. Launching the digital euro before 2028 may not be feasible at this time. However, there is a growing need for central banks to provide a digital alternative to cash, as people are using less physical currency but still value its privacy features. The digital euro would prioritize data protection and privacy, with offline capabilities in case of internet disruptions.
By offering a digital euro, banks and payment providers could leverage public infrastructure for innovation and reduce reliance on non-European payment solutions. This would make Europe’s financial infrastructure more independent, especially in light of geopolitical uncertainties. Wholesale digital central bank money could also streamline financial market transactions through the use of distributed ledger technology.
The Eurosystem has already tested solutions for digital central bank money, with high demand from market participants. The proposed dual-track strategy aims to link DLT platforms to TARGET services for swift and pragmatic solutions. This proactive approach is crucial to prevent market participants from turning to alternatives like stablecoins.
In conclusion, the introduction of the digital euro and wholesale digital central bank money would be significant milestones for the Savings and Investments Union, strengthening Europe’s economic position and international standing. By taking control of its fate and embracing modern payment systems, Europe can enhance its economic strength and independence. A. Die Zukunft des europäischen Finanzsystems – die Bedeutung von Resilienz und Integration, ifo Schnelldienst 7/2024: The Future of the European Financial System | Journal (Complete Issue) | ifo Institute.
B. Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich, Das Geld- und Finanzsystem der nächsten Generation, Jahreswirtschaftsbericht 2025.
C. Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich (2025), Pressemitteilung: Das Geld- und Finanzsystem der nächsten Generation nimmt Gestalt an, basierend auf einem tokenisierten vereinheitlichten Hauptbuch: BIZ.
D. Europäische Zentralbank (2025), EZB veröffentlicht den dritten Fortschrittsbericht zur Vorbereitungsphase des digitalen Euros.
E. Europäische Zentralbank (2025), Die Erkundungsarbeit des Eurosystems zu neuen Technologien für die Abwicklung von Zentralbankgeld im Großhandel.
F. Europäische Zentralbank (2025), EZB verpflichtet sich zu Abwicklungsplänen mit Distributed-Ledger-Technologie mit einer Zwei-Spur-Strategie, Deutsche Bundesbank (2025), Digitales Geld: Optionen für Großwertzahlungen in Zentralbankgeld | Publikationen der Bundesbank. However, there is a trend towards greater diversification of foreign reserve assets, which raises the question of the increasing global importance of the euro. In my opinion, it would be beneficial to have a stronger international role for our single currency.
This is because it could provide funding cost advantages for Member States and businesses. Nonetheless, it is important to note that stable financing conditions also require a stability-oriented fiscal policy. By maintaining sound fiscal policies, euro area countries are likely to increase the availability of high-quality and secure government bonds, which could enhance the international standing of the euro.
Moving on to the topic of promoting European sovereignty, it is crucial for Europe to maximize the potential of its single market, especially in a world that is becoming increasingly fragmented. Greater integration of European financial markets would present significant opportunities and would be highly welcomed. Channeling the high level of savings of European households towards innovation, productivity, and competitiveness is essential for financing the green and digital transitions in Europe, as well as defense spending.
The establishment of a Savings and Investments Union would facilitate cross-border investments and improve the efficient use of funds, leading to a potential decline in the cost of capital. Furthermore, stronger financial integration in Europe could help bridge funding gaps that may arise due to geo-economic fragmentation, while also enabling a better distribution of risks across borders, making the European economy more resilient to shocks.
It is also worth noting that stablecoins present both risks and opportunities. While they could offer value in certain applications, such as automated delivery-versus-payment transactions, they also pose risks to financial stability and monetary sovereignty. Regulatory frameworks, such as the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation in Europe, should be updated and refined to address these concerns.
In conclusion, promoting digital central bank money in Europe could enhance the international role of the euro, strengthen the Savings and Investments Union, and address the challenges posed by stablecoins. By offering both retail and wholesale variants of digital central bank money, Europe can ensure its sovereignty in the digital financial system of the future. Digital central bank money, in both retail and wholesale forms, has the potential to enhance the resilience, autonomy, and efficiency of the euro area’s payment system. The digital retail euro, intended as a supplement to cash, is making progress towards implementation, with the ECB’s recent report outlining advancements in technical testing and stakeholder engagement. It is crucial for the Eurosystem to secure the necessary legislative framework at the European level to enable the introduction of the digital euro, which may happen around 2028.
The digital euro is seen as a response to changing consumer preferences and technological advancements, offering a secure and privacy-conscious digital payment option. By providing a public infrastructure for the digital euro, central banks can foster innovation in the payment industry and reduce reliance on non-European payment providers. Additionally, wholesale digital central bank money, facilitated by distributed ledger technology, offers advantages such as faster settlement processes, automation, and reduced risks.
The Eurosystem’s efforts in testing digital solutions with financial market participants have shown promising results, prompting the development of a dual-track strategy for DLT transactions settlement. The short-term «Pontes» track aims to provide a pilot solution by 2026 to link DLT platforms with TARGET services, while the long-term «Appia» track seeks to create an innovative financial ecosystem compatible globally.
Overall, the introduction of digital central bank money is viewed as a critical step in strengthening Europe’s economic independence and enhancing the international role of the euro. By embracing digital innovations and taking proactive steps towards a modern and resilient payment system, Europe can bolster its economic strength and attractiveness on the global stage. 1. Introducción: Reconociendo las señales del tiempo
Señoras y señores,
La soberanía de Europa se encuentra actualmente desafiada desde diversas perspectivas, como el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de defensa. También parecería aconsejable que Europa se vuelva más independiente económicamente. Por ejemplo, dependemos de proveedores no europeos para pagos y muchos servicios digitales. Los Estados miembros de la UE necesitan trabajar más estrechamente juntos y también intensificar la cooperación con países terceros dispuestos. Después de todo, es importante que representemos nuestros valores e intereses comunes lo mejor posible.
Pero no solo se pone en duda la soberanía europea. También han surgido dudas en el otro lado del Atlántico con respecto al estatus de refugio seguro del dólar estadounidense. Inmediatamente después de los anuncios de aranceles de EE. UU. a principios de abril, los movimientos de tipo de cambio fueron atípicos para períodos de incertidumbre en los mercados financieros. El dólar estadounidense no se benefició de su condición de refugio seguro, sino que se depreció. Parece posible que la pérdida de confianza de los inversores internacionales persista.
Esto ciertamente no señala el fin del dólar estadounidense como la moneda líder mundial, pero Europa debería reconocer las señales del tiempo. A pesar de las circunstancias adversas, se nos llama a hacer todo lo necesario para garantizar que Europa y el euro sigan desempeñando un papel importante en el escenario mundial en el futuro. Me gustaría explicarlo con más detalle en tres pasos, comenzando con la pregunta de qué entendemos por un euro fuerte.
2. Un euro fuerte – ¿qué significa eso?
Sobre todo, la fortaleza significa estabilidad. El poder adquisitivo de una moneda debe permanecer estable con el tiempo para mantener la estabilidad de los precios. La estabilidad de precios garantiza condiciones económicas estables que hacen posible la planificación a largo plazo. En este sentido, ustedes, en su grupo de directivos, están conectados con nosotros en el Consejo de Gobierno del BCE: si hacemos bien nuestro trabajo, es decir, cumplimos con nuestro mandato, ustedes están en mejores condiciones para cumplir con sus tareas, por ejemplo, al tomar decisiones de inversión empresarial.
Una moneda fuerte y estable también requiere una política fiscal orientada a la estabilidad y políticas predecibles en general. También es necesaria una fuerza militar para garantizar la seguridad externa en caso de necesidad. Otras condiciones clave para la fortaleza o importancia internacional de una moneda son mercados de capitales profundos, líquidos y abiertos, así como una amplia gama de activos seguros de alta calidad.
El euro es actualmente la segunda moneda más importante del mundo. Su participación en varios indicadores de uso internacional de monedas se situó en torno al 19% en 2024. Esto no ha cambiado significativamente en años anteriores. La brecha con el dólar estadounidense es grande, pero también es la ventaja sobre otras monedas.
Los recientes desarrollos en los tipos de cambio han dado lugar a debates sobre política económica. El euro ha apreciado un 12,5% frente al dólar estadounidense desde principios de año. Esto ha generado preocupaciones en algunos casos de que el tipo de cambio euro-dólar estadounidense había alcanzado un nivel que estaba ejerciendo una presión excesiva sobre la industria exportadora del área del euro.
Sin embargo, es más significativo observar cómo ha evolucionado el euro frente a las monedas de varios socios comerciales. Su apreciación efectiva en lo que va de año ha sido solo del 5,7% frente a un grupo de 18 monedas socias. Este porcentaje fue del 6,2% frente a un grupo de 41 monedas socias. Simply put, while the euro’s gains against the US dollar may seem to burden the German export industry, revised data shows that the price competitiveness of both Germany and the euro area has actually worsened in recent years. The recent appreciation of the euro has neutralized the price competitiveness of the German economy and the euro area. Despite concerns about the US dollar’s depreciation, it is not likely or desirable for it to be replaced as the leading world currency. However, there is a trend towards greater diversification of foreign reserve assets, suggesting a stronger international role for the euro would be beneficial. This could lead to funding cost advantages for Member States and enterprises. Additionally, the Savings and Investments Union could enhance cross-border investments and lead to more efficient use of funds, ultimately boosting Europe’s economic strength. Stablecoins, though they offer unique benefits, also pose risks to financial stability and monetary sovereignty, highlighting the need for regulation in Europe, such as the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA). The regulatory guidelines should be revised and updated as needed. Stablecoins present both opportunities and risks, particularly in areas such as direct and automated delivery-versus-payment transactions. It is important to maintain innovation-friendly framework conditions, especially for European issuers of euro-pegged stablecoins.
In the digital financial system of the future, Europe must prioritize its sovereignty. European digital central bank money could enhance the international role of the euro and contribute to the Savings and Investments Union. There are two types of digital central bank money: retail for everyday electronic transactions and wholesale for settlements between financial institutions. Both types could enhance the efficiency and resilience of the euro area’s payment systems.
The introduction of digital central bank money is crucial for the Eurosystem’s development. The digital euro, as a complement to cash, would meet changing consumer preferences while upholding privacy standards. It would also reduce reliance on non-European payment providers. Wholesale digital central bank money would streamline high-value financial transactions and reduce settlement risks.
The Eurosystem has made significant progress in testing digital solutions for financial market transactions. The «Pontes» and «Appia» strategies aim to provide efficient and innovative settlement solutions for the market. It is essential to act swiftly to prevent market participants from turning to alternatives such as stablecoins.
In conclusion, the launch of the retail digital euro and wholesale digital central bank money would be significant milestones for the Savings and Investments Union. These initiatives would strengthen the international role of the euro and counteract fragmentation in the financial system. Europe should take control of its fate and strive to enhance the international importance of the euro in a changing global landscape. In this regard, we can find inspiration or a caution in the words of Henry David Thoreau: «What a man thinks of himself, that it is which determines, or rather indicates, his fate.» We have solid foundations: democracy, the separation of powers, and the rule of law. Independent media, independent statistical collection, an independent central bank. We possess our single market, successful companies, and highly skilled workers.
I am confident that we are ready to implement the three steps I have outlined – for a strong euro, for a sovereign Europe, for a modern and resilient European payments system with the digital euro. By taking these steps, we will enhance Europe’s economic strength, appeal, and independence. Can you please rewrite this sentence? Can you please rewrite this sentence for me?
QUELLEN