This speech is not delivered due to weather conditions, but the prepared text is available for your reference.
Ladies and gentlemen, I am pleased and honored to be here today. I will provide an overview of the economic outlook for Germany from the perspective of the Bundesbank. The outlook is influenced by various global challenges, and I will also discuss how we can approach these challenges, drawing on examples and experiences from a central bank perspective.
1 Recent economic outlook for Germany
The Bundesbank recently forecasted that inflation in Germany is expected to reach 2% this year, with the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices projected to grow at a rate of 2.2% in 2026 and around 2% in 2027 and 2028. This is positive news as it brings inflation back to the desired level.
In terms of economic activity, German GDP is expected to grow by 0.6% in 2026, 1.3% in 2027, and 1.1% in 2028. The expansionary fiscal stance will support economic growth, with additional government spending on defense and infrastructure contributing to GDP growth. However, government deficit and debt ratios are expected to rise, requiring a robust budget plan.
Fiscal policy, along with a revival in household demand, will contribute to GDP growth in Germany. Business investment may be dampened, and German exports are expected to slowly recover. Structural obstacles and rising imports will impact competitiveness and the current account surplus.
In summary, the German economy is expected to gradually recover in 2026.
2 Multifaceted challenges worldwide
2.1 International challenges are omnipresent
The economic outlook is subject to uncertainty due to various global challenges. Trade disputes, geopolitical conflicts, the rise of artificial intelligence, digital innovation, and climate change are some of the challenges affecting economies worldwide.
These challenges require suitable responses to address uncertainty and find solutions.
2.2 Experience in dealing with international challenges
It is essential to learn from past experiences in dealing with international challenges and leverage the lessons learned. Global challenges should be addressed through rules-based international cooperation, utilizing existing institutions and forums for collaboration.
Currently, there is a need to prioritize international cooperation based on rules and established institutions, rather than relying on power dynamics.
International cooperation and adherence to shared rules may not be in vogue currently, but they remain essential for lasting partnerships. Blackmail and violence are not sustainable foundations for cooperation; understanding, reliability, and compliance with common rules are.
The financial crisis that began in the United States in 2007 serves as a reminder of the importance of cross-border collaboration. Institutions like the G20, the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have played crucial roles in maintaining global financial stability and resilience. These entities have provided support, guidance, and coordination during various crises, highlighting the value of international cooperation in addressing challenges.
In the face of new challenges, such as the rise of technologies like artificial intelligence and the urgent need for sustainability, institutions like the BIS Innovation Hub and the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) have emerged to promote innovation and environmental responsibility in the financial sector. These initiatives demonstrate the power of collaboration in navigating complex issues.
While international cooperation may face obstacles and resistance, it remains a vital tool for addressing global challenges. Embracing a rules-based approach and seeking common solutions can strengthen partnerships and lead to more effective outcomes. As former colleague Mark Carney articulated, together we are stronger, and it is essential to prioritize cooperation in the face of adversity.
In conclusion, the experience of central banks working together to tackle challenges underscores the value of collaboration in addressing complex issues. Despite the economic challenges facing Germany and the broader global landscape, continued cooperation and adherence to shared rules are key to overcoming obstacles and fostering sustainable growth. And fourthly, we aim to ensure that our economy can fully utilize its potential for innovation and growth. Unfortunately, caution dictates that we must prepare for the persistence of both geopolitical conflicts and trade disputes. This remains true regardless of whether certain demands between NATO allies are resolved or not.
In addition to these challenges, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence poses both opportunities and risks. Digital innovation, especially through distributed ledger technology, is poised to transform the financial system, introducing new assets and disrupting existing business models.
Furthermore, the global issue of climate change continues to impact countries and people worldwide.
These examples represent just a few of the many challenges facing our economies. It is essential to consider how we can effectively respond to uncertainty and find appropriate solutions.
Reflecting on past experiences in addressing international challenges, it is evident that rules-based international cooperation is crucial. Established institutions and forums for collaboration have proven effective in tackling global issues.
Despite the current trend towards unilateralism, lasting cooperation is built on understanding, reliability, and adherence to shared rules. International efforts, such as those seen during the financial crisis, have demonstrated the importance of collaborative action in ensuring global stability.
Central banks play a key role in managing disruptions in the financial system, working closely with international organizations like the IMF and G20. By engaging in dialogue and coordination through forums like the G7 and G20, countries can address cross-border challenges effectively.
Cooperation is equally vital in navigating the impact of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence. Initiatives such as the Bank for International Settlements Innovation Hub and the Network for Greening the Financial System demonstrate the benefits of global collaboration in addressing technological and environmental challenges.
While international cooperation may face obstacles, it remains essential in overcoming current global challenges. Despite potential resistance, countries must acknowledge the value of working together to address complex issues. Sin embargo, esto no significa que todos debamos simplemente abandonar la cooperación internacional. Para aquellos de nosotros que todavía creemos en un mundo basado en reglas, una verdad se mantiene igual que siempre: juntos somos más fuertes. Deberíamos buscar soluciones comunes cuando sea posible, con quienes sea posible. Esa es la recomendación que mi ex colega Mark Carney dio en un brillante discurso en Davos hace cinco días. Y estoy de acuerdo con él.
Conclusión
Señoras y señores, permítanme cerrar con un breve resumen. Como sin duda habrán notado, estoy orgulloso de ser parte de una comunidad de bancos centrales que está abordando juntos importantes desafíos. La experiencia ha demostrado que esto puede ser muy útil.
Para la economía alemana, en el Bundesbank vemos desafíos considerables. La recesión de Alemania en 2023 y 2024 es un indicador suficiente. El año pasado, el PIB creció solo ligeramente. Y el Bundesbank espera que Alemania inicie un lento regreso a la recuperación este año. En marzo pasado, delineé políticas económicas que podrían ayudar a Alemania a enfrentar sus desafíos. Desde entonces, hemos visto los primeros pasos en la dirección correcta, pero aún queda mucho por hacer.
Hablando en Davos la semana pasada, el Canciller Friedrich Merz explicó vívidamente que se debe avanzar en cuatro áreas simultáneamente, y cito: «Debemos seguir apoyando a Ucrania en su lucha por una paz justa. Debemos ser capaces de defendernos por nuestra cuenta en Europa. Queremos reducir las dependencias que actualmente nos hacen vulnerables. Y cuarto, queremos asegurarnos de que nuestra economía pueda aprovechar todo su potencial de innovación y crecimiento.»
Una cosa está clara: muchos de los desafíos actuales no pueden ser abordados por un país individual por sí solo. Muchos de estos desafíos importantes son de naturaleza global. Estamos mejor capacitados para resolverlos juntos, hablando y negociando entre nosotros, en un espíritu de cooperación y búsqueda de consenso, con todos abrazando una interacción respetuosa basada en reglas.
Tengo la corazonada de que eso es lo que ustedes, embajadores, trabajan para lograr la mayor parte del tiempo también. Así que ahora espero con interés nuestra discusión y les agradezco mucho su atención. The Bundesbank has put forward suggestions to address these issues. The fiscal policy is expected to contribute to GDP growth in Germany, but household demand will also play a significant role. Business investment is likely to remain subdued due to challenging investment conditions. German exports are anticipated to gradually increase and support GDP growth, although they are hindered by higher tariffs. There are structural obstacles impacting competitiveness, and German imports are projected to rise. Overall, the German economy is forecasted to slowly return to a recovery path in 2026. Our enthusiasm stems from our unwavering belief that a world built on cooperation is superior to one based on confrontation. Please rewrite this sentence. Could you please rephrase that?
QUELLEN
